Menopause is not good for you!
What are the risks of menopause?
Menopause is defined as the cessation of the menstrual bleeding over 12-month period.
Perimenopause is the transition time where many hormonal and physical changes occur.
In the perimenopause the ovarian function declines together with the hormonal production.
Most common symptoms:
During the peri-menopause women can also experience excessive and prolonged vaginal bleeding with the onset of anemia, dizziness, problem focusing and missed days of work.
Hot flashes are the most common symptom in menopause affecting 80% of women.
The symptoms can last for 10 or more years with a longer duration for those women who started menopause earlier.
With the decline in estrogen levels, women will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression with an onset during the peri-menopausal years.
During this time women are more prone to experience mood swings being more emotional or irritable.
Hot flushes and night sweats are common during the night with frequent awakenings.
The ability to get a restorative amount of sleep is typically challenged, affecting the ability to remember things or to learn.
A poor quality of sleep can also result in increased irritability and moodiness, and decreased level of productivity at home as well as at work.
Changes at the metabolic level:
Studies show that women who experience poor sleep quality have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with increased deposition of fat in the mid-section and internal organs such as liver and heart.
The fat percentage increases in the body at the expense of the lean muscle, this process will increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.
The lower the estrogen level the higher the amount of fat deposition.
The lipid profile can be negatively affected by this process resulting in a decline of the level of good cholesterol and an increase of the level of bad cholesterol as well as higher triglycerides.
Bad cholesterol is responsible for building a plaque inside the blood vessels causing a decrease in the blood flow as well as an increased level of resistance to it.
The walls of the blood vessels will lose elasticity becoming stiff with an increased resistance to blood flow, causing the onset of high blood pressure.
The workload of the heart is significantly increased because of pumping against higher resistance.
This process will cause a thickening of the wall of the heart that together with a decrease in the blood flow to the heart due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, will lead to a cardiac event such as an attack.
These blood vessels and heart negative changes will increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life shortening the life span and negatively impacting the quality of life.
Cardio-vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks are still the leading cause of death in women.
Women who undergo menopause younger than 48 face a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and earlier onset of the aging process.
Cigarettes smoking accelerates the onset of menopause.
Smokers die 11 years earlier than non- smokers.
Lifestyle changes:
Lifestyle can strongly affect the way women age.
There is a strong association between the amount of physical activity and cardio-vascular mortality.
According to the Swan study women who want to decrease their risk of heart disease, should engage in 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity for week or 30 minutes of moderate level of physical exercise 5-7 days/ week.
Bone health:
The process of bone loss is increased during perimenopause and becomes massive one year after menopause, finally reaching a plateau where the loss becomes a steady process over time.
Bone loss will cause the onset of osteopenia which can progress into osteoporosis which is a stage where the bone loss can negatively affect the structure and the resilience of the bone.
Bone loss will determine fragility of the bones with an increased risk of fracture.
The spine is a very common area where bone loss can occur.
Osteoporosis of the spine can result in a fracture of the vertebrae which can later collapse leading into the development of the” hunched back” with restrictive breathing and the onset of severe chronic back pain.
The aging process:
Ovarian aging determines chronological aging as well setting up the stage for changes at the level of the skin, bones with a decline of the cerebral and cognitive function typical of the older people.
The hair can become brittle and dull with increased shedding.
The skin can become dry and thin and is more prone to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and crepiness.
The eyes will also become dry due to a lack of production of normal tears.
Sexual function is greatly affected by the lack of estrogen. The vaginal tissue will become thin and brittle causing pain and bleeding during intercourse with a decrease in the sexual response.
This can negatively affect the relationship with the partner.
The normal process of” flushing of the vaginal canal” is missing due to the decrease in the ability of the vagina to produce normal production of mucous.
The tissue also becomes hostile compromising the survival of the good bacteria that normally thrive in the vaginal canal.
The good bacteria are represented mainly by the acidophilus strain which is responsible for creating an acidic environment at the level of the vagina.
An acidic environment is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and therefore preventing the bad bacteria from replacing the good ones.
The delicate balance created by the growth of the good bacteria is altered during menopause, one of the consequences is the development of the “bad old vagina smell” which is a common symptom in older women who do not take care of their vaginal health.
Menopause is certainly a natural process, but it marks the onset of the aging process, it can determine a negative effect on heart and blood circulation, together with those metabolic changes that can lead to death or serious complications in the future.
The goal of us as women should be to slow down the aging process by counteracting the negative effect of menopause into our health, minimizing the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and even cancer.
We want to live a healthy, productive active life for many years to come.
We certainly do not want to become a burden to our children or our society.
We want to set an example and show our friends and family how we can improve our lives for the better and how we can offset the negative effect of the aging process by making the right choices.
This is where estrogen replacement therapy plays an important role in our lives.
Menopause is not good for you!
What are the risks of menopause?
Menopause is defined as the cessation of the menstrual bleeding over 12-month period.
Perimenopause is the transition time where many hormonal and physical changes occur.
In the perimenopause the ovarian function declines together with the hormonal production.
Most common symptoms:
During the peri-menopause women can also experience excessive and prolonged vaginal bleeding with the onset of anemia, dizziness, problem focusing and missed days of work.
Hot flashes are the most common symptom in menopause affecting 80% of women.
The symptoms can last for 10 or more years with a longer duration for those women who started menopause earlier.
With the decline in estrogen levels, women will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression with an onset during the peri-menopausal years.
During this time women are more prone to experience mood swings being more emotional or irritable.
Hot flushes and night sweats are common during the night with frequent awakenings.
The ability to get a restorative amount of sleep is typically challenged, affecting the ability to remember things or to learn.
A poor quality of sleep can also result in increased irritability and moodiness, and decreased level of productivity at home as well as at work.
Changes at the metabolic level:
Studies show that women who experience poor sleep quality have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with increased deposition of fat in the mid-section and internal organs such as liver and heart.
The fat percentage increases in the body at the expense of the lean muscle, this process will increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.
The lower the estrogen level the higher the amount of fat deposition.
The lipid profile can be negatively affected by this process resulting in a decline of the level of good cholesterol and an increase of the level of bad cholesterol as well as higher triglycerides.
Bad cholesterol is responsible for building a plaque inside the blood vessels causing a decrease in the blood flow as well as an increased level of resistance to it.
The walls of the blood vessels will lose elasticity becoming stiff with an increased resistance to blood flow, causing the onset of high blood pressure.
The workload of the heart is significantly increased because of pumping against higher resistance.
This process will cause a thickening of the wall of the heart that together with a decrease in the blood flow to the heart due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, will lead to a cardiac event such as an attack.
These blood vessels and heart negative changes will increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life shortening the life span and negatively impacting the quality of life.
Cardio-vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks are still the leading cause of death in women.
Women who undergo menopause younger than 48 face a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and earlier onset of the aging process.
Cigarettes smoking accelerates the onset of menopause.
Smokers die 11 years earlier than non- smokers.
Lifestyle changes:
Lifestyle can strongly affect the way women age.
There is a strong association between the amount of physical activity and cardio-vascular mortality.
According to the Swan study women who want to decrease their risk of heart disease, should engage in 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity for week or 30 minutes of moderate level of physical exercise 5-7 days/ week.
Bone health:
The process of bone loss is increased during perimenopause and becomes massive one year after menopause, finally reaching a plateau where the loss becomes a steady process over time.
Bone loss will cause the onset of osteopenia which can progress into osteoporosis which is a stage where the bone loss can negatively affect the structure and the resilience of the bone.
Bone loss will determine fragility of the bones with an increased risk of fracture.
The spine is a very common area where bone loss can occur.
Osteoporosis of the spine can result in a fracture of the vertebrae which can later collapse leading into the development of the” hunched back” with restrictive breathing and the onset of severe chronic back pain.
The aging process:
Ovarian aging determines chronological aging as well setting up the stage for changes at the level of the skin, bones with a decline of the cerebral and cognitive function typical of the older people.
The hair can become brittle and dull with increased shedding.
The skin can become dry and thin and is more prone to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and crepiness.
The eyes will also become dry due to a lack of production of normal tears.
Sexual function is greatly affected by the lack of estrogen. The vaginal tissue will become thin and brittle causing pain and bleeding during intercourse with a decrease in the sexual response.
This can negatively affect the relationship with the partner.
The normal process of” flushing of the vaginal canal” is missing due to the decrease in the ability of the vagina to produce normal production of mucous.
The tissue also becomes hostile compromising the survival of the good bacteria that normally thrive in the vaginal canal.
The good bacteria are represented mainly by the acidophilus strain which is responsible for creating an acidic environment at the level of the vagina.
An acidic environment is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and therefore preventing the bad bacteria from replacing the good ones.
The delicate balance created by the growth of the good bacteria is altered during menopause, one of the consequences is the development of the “bad old vagina smell” which is a common symptom in older women who do not take care of their vaginal health.
Menopause is certainly a natural process, but it marks the onset of the aging process, it can determine a negative effect on heart and blood circulation, together with those metabolic changes that can lead to death or serious complications in the future.
The goal of us as women should be to slow down the aging process by counteracting the negative effect of menopause into our health, minimizing the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and even cancer.
We want to live a healthy, productive active life for many years to come.
We certainly do not want to become a burden to our children or our society.
We want to set an example and show our friends and family how we can improve our lives for the better and how we can offset the negative effect of the aging process by making the right choices.
This is where estrogen replacement therapy plays an important role in our lives.
Menopause is not good for you!
What are the risks of menopause?
Menopause is defined as the cessation of the menstrual bleeding over 12-month period.
Perimenopause is the transition time where many hormonal and physical changes occur.
In the perimenopause the ovarian function declines together with the hormonal production.
Most common symptoms:
During the peri-menopause women can also experience excessive and prolonged vaginal bleeding with the onset of anemia, dizziness, problem focusing and missed days of work.
Hot flashes are the most common symptom in menopause affecting 80% of women.
The symptoms can last for 10 or more years with a longer duration for those women who started menopause earlier.
With the decline in estrogen levels, women will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression with an onset during the peri-menopausal years.
During this time women are more prone to experience mood swings being more emotional or irritable.
Hot flushes and night sweats are common during the night with frequent awakenings.
The ability to get a restorative amount of sleep is typically challenged, affecting the ability to remember things or to learn.
A poor quality of sleep can also result in increased irritability and moodiness, and decreased level of productivity at home as well as at work.
Changes at the metabolic level:
Studies show that women who experience poor sleep quality have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with increased deposition of fat in the mid-section and internal organs such as liver and heart.
The fat percentage increases in the body at the expense of the lean muscle, this process will increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.
The lower the estrogen level the higher the amount of fat deposition.
The lipid profile can be negatively affected by this process resulting in a decline of the level of good cholesterol and an increase of the level of bad cholesterol as well as higher triglycerides.
Bad cholesterol is responsible for building a plaque inside the blood vessels causing a decrease in the blood flow as well as an increased level of resistance to it.
The walls of the blood vessels will lose elasticity becoming stiff with an increased resistance to blood flow, causing the onset of high blood pressure.
The workload of the heart is significantly increased because of pumping against higher resistance.
This process will cause a thickening of the wall of the heart that together with a decrease in the blood flow to the heart due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, will lead to a cardiac event such as an attack.
These blood vessels and heart negative changes will increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life shortening the life span and negatively impacting the quality of life.
Cardio-vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks are still the leading cause of death in women.
Women who undergo menopause younger than 48 face a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and earlier onset of the aging process.
Cigarettes smoking accelerates the onset of menopause.
Smokers die 11 years earlier than non- smokers.
Lifestyle changes:
Lifestyle can strongly affect the way women age.
There is a strong association between the amount of physical activity and cardio-vascular mortality.
According to the Swan study women who want to decrease their risk of heart disease, should engage in 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity for week or 30 minutes of moderate level of physical exercise 5-7 days/ week.
Bone health:
The process of bone loss is increased during perimenopause and becomes massive one year after menopause, finally reaching a plateau where the loss becomes a steady process over time.
Bone loss will cause the onset of osteopenia which can progress into osteoporosis which is a stage where the bone loss can negatively affect the structure and the resilience of the bone.
Bone loss will determine fragility of the bones with an increased risk of fracture.
The spine is a very common area where bone loss can occur.
Osteoporosis of the spine can result in a fracture of the vertebrae which can later collapse leading into the development of the” hunched back” with restrictive breathing and the onset of severe chronic back pain.
The aging process:
Ovarian aging determines chronological aging as well setting up the stage for changes at the level of the skin, bones with a decline of the cerebral and cognitive function typical of the older people.
The hair can become brittle and dull with increased shedding.
The skin can become dry and thin and is more prone to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and crepiness.
The eyes will also become dry due to a lack of production of normal tears.
Sexual function is greatly affected by the lack of estrogen. The vaginal tissue will become thin and brittle causing pain and bleeding during intercourse with a decrease in the sexual response.
This can negatively affect the relationship with the partner.
The normal process of” flushing of the vaginal canal” is missing due to the decrease in the ability of the vagina to produce normal production of mucous.
The tissue also becomes hostile compromising the survival of the good bacteria that normally thrive in the vaginal canal.
The good bacteria are represented mainly by the acidophilus strain which is responsible for creating an acidic environment at the level of the vagina.
An acidic environment is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and therefore preventing the bad bacteria from replacing the good ones.
The delicate balance created by the growth of the good bacteria is altered during menopause, one of the consequences is the development of the “bad old vagina smell” which is a common symptom in older women who do not take care of their vaginal health.
Menopause is certainly a natural process, but it marks the onset of the aging process, it can determine a negative effect on heart and blood circulation, together with those metabolic changes that can lead to death or serious complications in the future.
The goal of us as women should be to slow down the aging process by counteracting the negative effect of menopause into our health, minimizing the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and even cancer.
We want to live a healthy, productive active life for many years to come.
We certainly do not want to become a burden to our children or our society.
We want to set an example and show our friends and family how we can improve our lives for the better and how we can offset the negative effect of the aging process by making the right choices.
This is where estrogen replacement therapy plays an important role in our lives.
Perimenopause is the transition time where many hormonal and physical changes occur.
In the perimenopause the ovarian function declines together with the hormonal production.
Most common symptoms:
During the peri-menopause women can also experience excessive and prolonged vaginal bleeding with the onset of anemia, dizziness, problem focusing and missed days of work.
Hot flashes are the most common symptom in menopause affecting 80% of women.
The symptoms can last for 10 or more years with a longer duration for those women who started menopause earlier.
With the decline in estrogen levels, women will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression with an onset during the peri-menopausal years.
During this time women are more prone to experience mood swings being more emotional or irritable.
Hot flushes and night sweats are common during the night with frequent awakenings.
The ability to get a restorative amount of sleep is typically challenged, affecting the ability to remember things or to learn.
A poor quality of sleep can also result in increased irritability and moodiness, and decreased level of productivity at home as well as at work.
Changes at the metabolic level:
Studies show that women who experience poor sleep quality have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with increased deposition of fat in the mid-section and internal organs such as liver and heart.
The fat percentage increases in the body at the expense of the lean muscle, this process will increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.
The lower the estrogen level the higher the amount of fat deposition.
The lipid profile can be negatively affected by this process resulting in a decline of the level of good cholesterol and an increase of the level of bad cholesterol as well as higher triglycerides.
Bad cholesterol is responsible for building a plaque inside the blood vessels causing a decrease in the blood flow as well as an increased level of resistance to it.
The walls of the blood vessels will lose elasticity becoming stiff with an increased resistance to blood flow, causing the onset of high blood pressure.
The workload of the heart is significantly increased because of pumping against higher resistance.
This process will cause a thickening of the wall of the heart that together with a decrease in the blood flow to the heart due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, will lead to a cardiac event such as an attack.
These blood vessels and heart negative changes will increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life shortening the life span and negatively impacting the quality of life.
Cardio-vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks are still the leading cause of death in women.
Women who undergo menopause younger than 48 face a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and earlier onset of the aging process.
Cigarettes smoking accelerates the onset of menopause.
Smokers die 11 years earlier than non- smokers.
Lifestyle changes:
Lifestyle can strongly affect the way women age.
There is a strong association between the amount of physical activity and cardio-vascular mortality.
According to the Swan study women who want to decrease their risk of heart disease, should engage in 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity for week or 30 minutes of moderate level of physical exercise 5-7 days/ week.
Bone health:
The process of bone loss is increased during perimenopause and becomes massive one year after menopause, finally reaching a plateau where the loss becomes a steady process over time.
Bone loss will cause the onset of osteopenia which can progress into osteoporosis which is a stage where the bone loss can negatively affect the structure and the resilience of the bone.
Bone loss will determine fragility of the bones with an increased risk of fracture.
The spine is a very common area where bone loss can occur.
Osteoporosis of the spine can result in a fracture of the vertebrae which can later collapse leading into the development of the” hunched back” with restrictive breathing and the onset of severe chronic back pain.
The aging process:
Ovarian aging determines chronological aging as well setting up the stage for changes at the level of the skin, bones with a decline of the cerebral and cognitive function typical of the older people.
The hair can become brittle and dull with increased shedding.
The skin can become dry and thin and is more prone to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and crepiness.
The eyes will also become dry due to a lack of production of normal tears.
Sexual function is greatly affected by the lack of estrogen. The vaginal tissue will become thin and brittle causing pain and bleeding during intercourse with a decrease in the sexual response.
This can negatively affect the relationship with the partner.
The normal process of” flushing of the vaginal canal” is missing due to the decrease in the ability of the vagina to produce normal production of mucous.
The tissue also becomes hostile compromising the survival of the good bacteria that normally thrive in the vaginal canal.
The good bacteria are represented mainly by the acidophilus strain which is responsible for creating an acidic environment at the level of the vagina.
An acidic environment is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and therefore preventing the bad bacteria from replacing the good ones.
The delicate balance created by the growth of the good bacteria is altered during menopause, one of the consequences is the development of the “bad old vagina smell” which is a common symptom in older women who do not take care of their vaginal health.
Menopause is certainly a natural process, but it marks the onset of the aging process, it can determine a negative effect on heart and blood circulation, together with those metabolic changes that can lead to death or serious complications in the future.
The goal of us as women should be to slow down the aging process by counteracting the negative effect of menopause into our health, minimizing the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and even cancer.
We want to live a healthy, productive active life for many years to come.
We certainly do not want to become a burden to our children or our society.
We want to set an example and show our friends and family how we can improve our lives for the better and how we can offset the negative effect of the aging process by making the right choices.
This is where estrogen replacement therapy plays an important role in our lives.
What are the risks of menopause?
Menopause is defined as the cessation of the menstrual bleeding over 12-month period.
Perimenopause is the transition time where many hormonal and physical changes occur.
In the perimenopause the ovarian function declines together with the hormonal production.
Most common symptoms:
During the peri-menopause women can also experience excessive and prolonged vaginal bleeding with the onset of anemia, dizziness, problem focusing and missed days of work.
Hot flashes are the most common symptom in menopause affecting 80% of women.
The symptoms can last for 10 or more years with a longer duration for those women who started menopause earlier.
With the decline in estrogen levels, women will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression with an onset during the peri-menopausal years.
During this time women are more prone to experience mood swings being more emotional or irritable.
Hot flushes and night sweats are common during the night with frequent awakenings.
The ability to get a restorative amount of sleep is typically challenged, affecting the ability to remember things or to learn.
A poor quality of sleep can also result in increased irritability and moodiness, and decreased level of productivity at home as well as at work.
Changes at the metabolic level:
Studies show that women who experience poor sleep quality have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome with increased deposition of fat in the mid-section and internal organs such as liver and heart.
The fat percentage increases in the body at the expense of the lean muscle, this process will increase the risk of developing diabetes later in life.
The lower the estrogen level the higher the amount of fat deposition.
The lipid profile can be negatively affected by this process resulting in a decline of the level of good cholesterol and an increase of the level of bad cholesterol as well as higher triglycerides.
Bad cholesterol is responsible for building a plaque inside the blood vessels causing a decrease in the blood flow as well as an increased level of resistance to it.
The walls of the blood vessels will lose elasticity becoming stiff with an increased resistance to blood flow, causing the onset of high blood pressure.
The workload of the heart is significantly increased because of pumping against higher resistance.
This process will cause a thickening of the wall of the heart that together with a decrease in the blood flow to the heart due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, will lead to a cardiac event such as an attack.
These blood vessels and heart negative changes will increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases later in life shortening the life span and negatively impacting the quality of life.
Cardio-vascular diseases such as stroke and heart attacks are still the leading cause of death in women.
Women who undergo menopause younger than 48 face a much higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and earlier onset of the aging process.
Cigarettes smoking accelerates the onset of menopause.
Smokers die 11 years earlier than non- smokers.
Lifestyle changes:
Lifestyle can strongly affect the way women age.
There is a strong association between the amount of physical activity and cardio-vascular mortality.
According to the Swan study women who want to decrease their risk of heart disease, should engage in 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity for week or 30 minutes of moderate level of physical exercise 5-7 days/ week.
Bone health:
The process of bone loss is increased during perimenopause and becomes massive one year after menopause, finally reaching a plateau where the loss becomes a steady process over time.
Bone loss will cause the onset of osteopenia which can progress into osteoporosis which is a stage where the bone loss can negatively affect the structure and the resilience of the bone.
Bone loss will determine fragility of the bones with an increased risk of fracture.
The spine is a very common area where bone loss can occur.
Osteoporosis of the spine can result in a fracture of the vertebrae which can later collapse leading into the development of the” hunched back” with restrictive breathing and the onset of severe chronic back pain.
The aging process:
Ovarian aging determines chronological aging as well setting up the stage for changes at the level of the skin, bones with a decline of the cerebral and cognitive function typical of the older people.
The hair can become brittle and dull with increased shedding.
The skin can become dry and thin and is more prone to wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and crepiness.
The eyes will also become dry due to a lack of production of normal tears.
Sexual function is greatly affected by the lack of estrogen. The vaginal tissue will become thin and brittle causing pain and bleeding during intercourse with a decrease in the sexual response.
This can negatively affect the relationship with the partner.
The normal process of” flushing of the vaginal canal” is missing due to the decrease in the ability of the vagina to produce normal production of mucous.
The tissue also becomes hostile compromising the survival of the good bacteria that normally thrive in the vaginal canal.
The good bacteria are represented mainly by the acidophilus strain which is responsible for creating an acidic environment at the level of the vagina.
An acidic environment is crucial to maintaining homeostasis and therefore preventing the bad bacteria from replacing the good ones.
The delicate balance created by the growth of the good bacteria is altered during menopause, one of the consequences is the development of the “bad old vagina smell” which is a common symptom in older women who do not take care of their vaginal health.
Menopause is certainly a natural process, but it marks the onset of the aging process, it can determine a negative effect on heart and blood circulation, together with those metabolic changes that can lead to death or serious complications in the future.
The goal of us as women should be to slow down the aging process by counteracting the negative effect of menopause into our health, minimizing the risk of developing high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, and even cancer.
We want to live a healthy, productive active life for many years to come.
We certainly do not want to become a burden to our children or our society.
We want to set an example and show our friends and family how we can improve our lives for the better and how we can offset the negative effect of the aging process by making the right choices.
This is where estrogen replacement therapy plays an important role in our lives.
